Ironically, at the time that the war on drugs was declared, drug crime was not on the rise. You're not a person to us, a person worth counting, a person worth hearing. Yet when I walked out of the election night party, full of hope and enthusiasm, I was immediately reminded of the harsh realities of the New Jim Crow. Already have an account? And Congress began giving harsh mandatory minimum sentences for minor drug offenses, sentences harsher than murderers receive, more than [other] Western democracies.
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One code per order). Describing the rise of Jim Crow in the wake of a growing Populist movement, Alexander notes, History seemed to repeat itself. Those with jobs in jeopardy must be retrained. It was too painful, what they'd gone through and the caste system of the South, which was Jim Crow. The United States actually has a crime rate that is lower than the international norm, yet our incarceration rate is six to 10 times higher than other countries' around the world. … Since the war on drugs was declared, there has been an exponential increase in drug arrests and convictions in the United States. MICHELLE ALEXANDER: Honestly, I think, there were many times in the course of writing this book that I wanted to give up. Unfortunately, this backlash against the civil rights movement was occurring at precisely the same moment that there was economic collapse in communities of color, inner-city communities across America. Throughout the book, Alexander observes that the financial stake that many have in the mass incarceration system make it very difficult for them to divest. What were you seeing in your work so that the scales were falling from your eyes? Those released from prison on parole can be stopped and searched by the police for any reason––or no reason at all––and returned to prison for the most minor of infractions, such as failing to attend a meeting with a parole officer.
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Maybe they were stopped and searched and caught with something like weed in their pocket. Mass incarceration in the United States isn't a phenomenon that affects most. "He declared the drug war primarily for reasons of politics — racial politics. SPEAKER 2:Well how did you overcome it? "The process occurs in two stages. So I was spending my day interviewing one young black or brown man after another who had called the hotline. Successive presidencies of both Republicans and Democrats continued to capitalize on this coded racism—from George Bush Sr. 's Willie Horton ad to Bill Clinton's personally overseeing the execution of a brain-damaged Black man just weeks before the 1992 election. The new system had been developed and implemented swiftly, and it was largely invisible, even to people, like me, who spent most of their waking hours fighting for justice.
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SPEAKER 1: Ms. Alexander, listening to you, my heart broke. Young black men are almost doomed to fail and most people refuse to see the injustice in that fact. Like the "colored" in the years following emancipation, criminals today are deemed a characterless and purposeless people, deserving of our collective scorn and contempt. And then he said something that made me pause: Did you just say you're a drug felon? Short of documented evidence of a police officer or prosecutor openly admitting that they targeted an individual solely because of their race, no legal challenge is deemed inadmissible.
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BookBrowse seeks out and recommends the best in contemporary fiction and nonfiction—books that not only engage and entertain but also deepen our understanding of ourselves and the world around us. This quote is reminiscent of Ta-Nehisi Coates' letter to his son in Between the World and Me in which he warns his son that he will be held up to intense scrutiny, his mistakes will be magnified, his everyday choices like wearing a hoodie or listening to loud music will condemn him. In each generation, new tactics have been used for achieving the same goals—goals shared by the Founding Fathers. So we see, in the height of the war on drugs, a Democratic administration desperate to prove they could be as tough as their Republican counterparts and helping to give birth to this penal system that would leave millions of people, overwhelmingly people of color, permanently locked up or locked out. And it was almost like clockwork. Some states deny representation for people who earn over a certain income limit.
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This passage occurs in Chapter 1: The Rebirth of Caste, as Alexander traces the origins of race-neutrality and colorblindness in American history. Ten years ago, I would have argued strenuously against the central claim made here—namely, that something akin to a racial caste system currently exists in the United States. — Publishers Weekly. And we knew we couldn't put someone on the stand as a named plaintiff in a class action alleging racial profiling if they had a felony record, because we'd be exposing them to cross-examination about their prior criminal history and turning it into a mini-trial about a young man's criminal past rather than the police conduct. This is the edited transcript of an interview conducted on Sept. 5, 2013. MICHELLE ALEXANDER: Oh, well the easiest thing is to say, stop bringing these low level minor drug cases. In fact, the problems associated with our probation and parole system became so severe that by the year 2000, there were more people incarcerated just for probation and parole violations than were incarcerated for all reasons in 1980. Maybe they got into a fight at school, and instead of having a meeting with a counselor, having intervention with a school psychologist, having parental and community support, instead of all that, you got sent to a detention camp. In a speech delivered in 1968, King acknowledged there had been some progress for blacks since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but insisted that the current challenges required even greater resolve and that the entire nation must be transformed for economic justice to be more than a dream for poor people of all colors. Sometimes a book comes along and, after it is absorbed into the culture, we cannot see ourselves again in quite the same way. He had taken detailed notes of his encounters with the police over about a nine-month period: every stop, every search, every time he had been frisked or someone he was riding with had been stopped, searched, or frisked. Yet there are people in the United States serving life sentences for first-time drug offenses, something virtually unheard of anywhere else in the world. If you're middle class, upper-middle class, living in the suburbs, and your son or daughter becomes dependent on drugs, experimenting with drugs, the first thing you do is not call the police. In the drug war, the enemy is racially defined.
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This is not a valid promo code. It just takes some extra effort. I was familiar with the challenges associated with reforming institutions in which racial stratification is thought to be normal—the natural consequence of differences in education, culture, motivation, and, some still believe, innate ability. And every time I would feel like I wanted to give up, and get really serious, and I'd tell my husband, you know, I'm not doing this.
Why is there so much drug abuse in Beecher Terrace? What's to become of me? The fact that the meaning of race may evolve over time or lose much of its significance is hardly a reason to be struck blind.