The Essentials of Oceanography Online Study Guide is at The North Atlantic Sea Floor. Essentials of oceanography 11th edition pdf. Continental rise A gently sloping depositional surface at the base of the continental slope. Wave A disturbance that moves over the surface or through a medium with a speed determined by the properties of the medium. The release of internal heat was so intense that Earth s surface became molten. 6 meter (2 feet) per year.
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The molten material is mostly basaltic because there is no mixing with granitic rocks from the continents, and the eruptions are not nearly as destructive. The freezing point of water is 0°C at one atmosphere pressure. Essentials of Oceanography download in PDF. Describe alternatives to hard stabilization, including potential drawbacks of each. Another advantage is that schools of smaller fish can invade the territory of larger aggressive species and feed there because the owner of the territory can never chase away the whole school. Using this advantage, an array of wave power plants might extract up to 10 megawatts of power8 per 1 kilometer (0. Complicating Factors Besides Earth s rotation and the relative positions of the Moon and the Sun, there are many other factors that influence tides on Earth. Test The supporting skeleton or shell (usually microscopic) of many invertebrates.
Magnetic polarity through time is preserved in rocks such as these lava flows. Nch n Tre Cascadia Aleutia Subduction Trench. K EY CO N CEP T Earth s axis is tilted at an angle of 23. 9 Microscopic algae. Researchers returned in 2006, thinking that they would simply recover the instruments and send down others. Essentials of Oceanography (3 Edition) - PDF Drive. 371 Measurement of Primary Productivity 372 Factors Affecting Primary Productivity 372 Light Transmission in Ocean Water 374 Why Are the Margins of the Oceans So Rich in Life?
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Northern boundary current The northern boundary current of Northern Hemisphere subtropical gyres. 16 Habitat destruction threatens polar bears. The bar graph (left) gives the percentage of Earth s surface area at various ranges of elevation and depth. Large quantities of water.
1), they reveal much about Earth s history. These mountains are similar to the top of a floating iceberg they float high because there is a very thick mass of crustal material beneath them, plunged deeper into the asthenosphere. Having an average diameter of only (e) one-half of a micrometer4 (0. Molecular motion Molecules move in three ways: vibration, rotation, and translation. In addition, ocean temperatures are not only stable but also relatively low below the sunlit surface waters. After the change from ice to liquid water has SOLID LIQUID GAS occurred at 0°C, additional heat raises the water tem(a) (b) (c) perature between points b and c in Figure 5. Essentials of oceanography pdf download software. 1 Reprinted with the kind permission of Dennis Tasa; modified from Tarbuck, E. ed. For instance, a sea star lives in the ocean; the ocean is full of seawater; sea ice forms in FIGURE 1. As we ll see, other types of pollutants last far longer and can do much more damage than an oil spill.
Essentials Of Oceanography 11Th Edition
Overall, the total biomass of populations decreases the higher they are in the biomass pyramid. Lower high water (LHW) The lower of two high waters occurring during a tidal day where tides exhibit a mixed tidal pattern. S 1in feet per second2 = 5. What are several benefits of schooling? The NARS program is the highest level of protection that Hawaii can offer its lands.
Chemically, this is represented by the equation: dissociate H2O ¡ H+ + OH(5. The tsunami completely overtopped a heavily populated low-lying sand bar, destroying three entire villages and resulting in at least 2200 deaths. Describe the development of navigation techniques that have enabled sailors to navigate in the open ocean far from land. Chapter in Review 158 Key Terms 158 Review Questions 159 Critical Thinking Exercises 159 Oceanography on the Web 159. 7 Here, the physical environment is much different than at the surface; it is quite stable and uniform. 9 shows how ancient rocks have recorded the switching of earth s magnetic polarity through time. Organisms from kingdom Animalia range in complexity from the simple sponges to complex vertebrates (animals with backbones), which also includes humans. Water is pushed toward the center of the gyres, forming low hills of water. Nutrients, creates high productivity (an abundance of microscopic algae), which establishes the base of the food web and, in turn, supports incredible numbers of larger marine life like fish and whales. The majority of the world s tropical cyclones are formed in the waters north of the equator in the western Pacific Ocean. Perigee The point on the orbit of an Earth satellite (Moon) that is nearest Earth. Essentials of Oceanography by A. TRUJILLO. Do simple things that make a positive impact on the environment (Box Aft. 115 Origin, Composition, and Distribution of Cosmogenous Sediment 115 4. When nutrients are not limiting productivity, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to phosphorus in the tissues of algae is in the proportion of 106:16:1 (C:N:P), which is called the Redfield ratio after American oceanographer Alfred C. Redfield, who first described it in 1963.
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What Kinds of Photosynthetic Marine Organisms Exist? 03 mile) per hour could carry tests as much as 22, 000 kilometers (13, 700 miles) before they settled onto the deep-ocean floor. Around the continent of Antarctica, however, the shelf break occurs at 350 me- borderland, like the one offshore Southern California, conters (2200 feet). Essentials of oceanography 11th edition. Many larger forms have soft, gelatinous bodies with little if any hard tissue, which reduces their density and allows them to stay afloat.
23 After Sverdrup, H. 25 After Pickard, G. L., Descriptive Physical Oceanography, Pergamon Press Ltd., 1963. Many nektonic organisms have developed streamlined bodies so they can overcome the viscosity of seawater and move through it more easily. The wind farm expects to be fully functional in 2011 with 130 wind turbines capable of producing 420 megawatts of power, which is capable of December - February supplying the energy needs of nearly 350, 000 average U. homes. What Features Exist Along Erosional and Depositional Shores? Antifreeze, therefore, protects your radiator from freezing in the winter and from boiling over in the summer. Like most of the other approximately 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia, Krakatau was formed along the Sunda Arc, a 3000-kilometer (1900-mile) curving chain of volcanoes associated with the subduction of the Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. What this means is that when an object is twice as far away, the gravitational attraction is only one-quarter as strong. A sea kayaker explores shallow tide pools along the coast of Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. To send a dredge to the deep-ocean floor and retrieve it from the depths takes about 24 hours. 2 Reconstruction of Pangaea. From 50 meters (164 feet) to about 20 meters (66 feet), water motion from breaking waves increases on the side of the reef facing into the prevailing current flow. Also known as zero energy level.
Cruisers use white tissue, too, for short periods of acceleration while on the attack. J) Snail (2 cm, or 0. As sediment accumulates on the ocean floor, it preserves materials that existed in the overlying water column. 3 feet), dominates the Louisiana Texas portion of the Gulf Coast. CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND BELTS AND BOUNDARIES. Evolution is the process by which various species (species * a kind) have been able to inhabit increasingly numerous environments on Earth. CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF NORTH ATLANTIC CURRENTS. Convergence (collision) and uplift. Moreover, this shift toward increased acidity and the changes in ocean chemistry that ensue makes it more difficult for certain marine creatures to build and maintain hard parts out of easily dissolved calcium carbonate. For example, the sequencing of the genome of a species of diatom reveals that it apparently acquired new genes by engulfing microbial neighbors. Compared to many other fish, sharks have low reproduction rates and.
That's particularly true in needs-based and value-based segmentation schemes, where it's impossible to utilize a customer segmentation process without first establishing clear hypotheses that will serve as the foundation of your research. As imitators enter the market, they create price pressures that can reduce the value that the original innovator captures. What is the value of x? Identify the missing justi - Gauthmath. Creating an innovation strategy involves determining how innovation will create value for potential customers, how the company will capture that value, and which types of innovation to pursue. Microsoft is often criticized for milking its existing technologies rather than introducing true disruptions. I have consulted for BMS, but the information in this example comes from public sources. Sources: Manta, LinkedIn, (free data), or Hoover's database (paid data). The synthesis of these segmentation schemes is an overall segmentation of the best customers that incorporates each of the validated segmentation hypotheses.
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This would change the estimate completely. 100% right but make sure depending on what test you have you look at randoms responce as well. Causes of outliers can be classified in two broad categories: - Artificial (Error) / Non-natural. About 10 years ago Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), as part of a broad strategic repositioning, decided to emphasize cancer as a key part of its pharmaceutical business. In such cases, deprioritize them, at least in the first round of analysis, for two reasons: - The cost of data collection to verify the hypothesis can be prohibitive. What is the value of x identify the missing justifications for invading. Below, we have univariate and bivariate distribution for Height, Weight. In data modelling, transformation refers to the replacement of a variable by a function. Now, let's identify the reasons for occurrence of these missing values. The relationship can be linear or non-linear. Keeping track of your data files and strictly following the best practices in data versioning and management will allow you to go back to your files and make adjustment to respond to the feedback and questions without redoing a lot of work. These two customers annual income is much higher than rest of the population.
Problematic data will not only create issues during your segmentation analysis, but also when it is time to generate outbound prospecting lists. Bar chart can be used as visualization. Given parallel and equal sides. You Need an Innovation Strategy. As this company found, innovation strategy matters most when an organization needs to change its prevailing patterns. In this exercise, solve each compound inequality. Like almost any initiative, you simply need to ensure that key players and shareholders remain focused on their specific roles and responsibilities, and work collectively to achieve a clearly defined set of goals and objectives.
Creating a final presentation is a significant undertaking, but it's important for a couple of reasons: - It facilitates the delivery of the insights—paired with the analysis results that support them—to the stakeholders and encourages them to rally behind its recommendations. The combination can be: Categorical & Categorical, Categorical & Continuous and Continuous & Continuous. Disclosure: I have consulted for Corning, but the information in this article comes from the 2008 HBS case study "Corning: 156 Years of Innovation, " by H. Kent Bowen and Courtney Purrington. ) Then classify each triangle: 7. What is the value of x identify the missing justifications meaning. a triangle with one obtuse angle and no congruent sides. Thus, even though you might have validated many different hypotheses, you should work to synthesize them so that your final segmentation scheme depends on just a few segmentation variables. Attributes with multiple missing values can be easily treated. Let's create something new!
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Honestly, this depends on business understanding of the analyst, his curiosity and the set of hypothesis he might have about the problem. Substitution Property; c. Subtraction Property of Equality; d. Division Property of Equality; e. Symmetric Property of Equality (Look carefully for this one. Yet when viewed through a strategic lens, Corning's approach to innovation makes perfect sense. Consider establishing a separate sub team of researchers to focus on data quality assurance and require that all research outputs be vetted by the team. Customer Segmentation: A Step by Step Guide for Growth. Sort the table by quality score and systematically go through the list of segmentation hypotheses to check if there is a correlation between the values in a segmentation hypothesis data field and the quality score. In the purest sense, customer value is the total net present value of the cumulative profits generated by a customer over their lifetime. Different methods are used to tackle these combinations during analysis process. In thinking strategically about the four types of innovation, then, the question is one of balance and mix.
For example, we can categorize income in three categories, namely: High, Average and can also perform co-variate binning which depends on the value of more than one variables. In much of the writing on innovation today, radical, disruptive, and architectural innovations are viewed as the keys to growth, and routine innovation is denigrated as myopic at best and suicidal at worst. Outlier detection is merely a special case of the examination of data for influential data points and it also depends on the business understanding. This is because, in many cases, selecting a top segment can actually kickstart the execution of a companywide go-to-market strategy. Given three pairs of equal segments. Diverse perspectives are critical to successful innovation. Ensure proper and consistent documentation of the input and output specifications for each research task. Best practices for managing a research team. Some years ago I worked with a contact lens company whose leaders decided that it needed to focus less on routine innovations, such as adding color tints and modifying lens design, and be more aggressive in pursuing new materials that could dramatically improve visual acuity and comfort. What is the value of x identify the missing justifications m pqr. Other examples of scope parameters include the amount of resources and/or time spent on the whole project or each stage of it.
There is nothing wrong, of course, with learning from others, but it is a mistake to believe that what works for, say, Apple (today's favorite innovator) is going to work for your organization. Any value which out of range of 5th and 95th percentile can be considered as outlier. And by controlling the operating system, Apple makes itself an indispensable player in the digital ecosystem. With your main segmentation variables identified, validated, and even stress-tested using both regression and lift chart analysis, you now need to develop a meaningful synthesis of these segmentation schemes and identify the most attractive targets. Establish a regular working rhythm with the team that includes reviewing the outputs, allocating new research tasks, and resolving any impediments. We use various visualization methods, like Box-plot, Histogram, Scatter Plot (above, we have used box plot and scatter plot for visualization). However, it's possible that B2C companies segment better based on another variable. However, it is still important to perform this analysis to verify that the results of your decision tree are rigorously supported by quantifiable measures, to choose between alternative segmentation schemes, and to retain it as an appendix for anyone looking for additional insight into your methods. Unlimited access to all gallery answers.
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It can be be measured using two metrics, Count and Count% against each category. Choice of k-value is very critical. Business unit heads are focused on their target markets and their particular P&L pressures. First, review the segments you selected in order of prioritization. Once you have reached a satisfactory overarching segmentation scheme, the last analysis to be done is to evaluate the resulting segments and prioritize the few that are most promising in terms of: - Customer quality: Measured by the average customer score, this is the spread of the scores within all customers in that segment, as well the lowest and highest scores of customers in that segment. Next Steps: List out key next steps that will help ensure the impact of the project. Statistical Measures used to analyze the power of relationship are: - Cramer's V for Nominal Categorical Variable.
For example: The end result will be a list of attractive segments for further analysis, which provides several advantages: - It will serve as the basis for narrowing your regression analysis down to a few relevant variables. Moreover, reviewing the quality score may also raise concerns about systematic errors in the formula that are obvious to certain stakeholders but not to others. Some analysts also various thumb rules to detect outliers. Start with a large set of variables—perhaps all of the ones that appeared relevant in the initial quartering of the data set. Ultimately the results of your regression and lift chart analysis will likely be too technical and detailed to be included in your final presentation to your stakeholders. We can perform bi-variate analysis for any combination of categorical and continuous variables. Executing data analysis to identify relevant variables and validate your hypotheses. Correlation structure of the data is taken into consideration. Data that is not easily standardized or has multiple definitions (e. g., profits are sometimes given as gross profits, EBITDA or operating profits).
Getting higher quality revenues: Not all revenue dollars are created equal. Missing at random: This is a case when variable is missing at random and missing ratio varies for different values / level of other input variables. Logarithm: Log of a variable is a common transformation method used to change the shape of distribution of the variable on a distribution plot. Leverage overlapping data collection needs for different segmentation hypotheses: the same data field can be used in testing multiple hypotheses. It also hinges on picking the right customers; if Corning doesn't, it can miss a market transformation. In order to find them, you have to look at distributions in multi-dimensions. Crazy dude is right, except for the questions like random said.