The findings of this reexamination, which have become the accepted view among quantitative economic historians today (Robert Whaples, 1995), provide answers to many heretofore-unresolved issues involving the adoption of the Constitution. Second, each state had a single vote in the federal Congress and the unanimous consent of the thirteen states was required for the Congress to enact any federal taxes. Where the information is non-confidential, a lesser showing of need and materiality may be required to overcome the privilege. In Maryland, the reporter's privilege should be evaluated by achieving a balance between freedom of the press and the obligation of all citizens to give relevant testimony with respect to criminal or tortious conduct.
The Constitution Balancing Competing Interests Answer Questions
In Prentice v. McPhilemy, 27 Med. The constitutional newsgatherer's privilege, arguably still recognized for civil cases pursuant to in In re Stearns (Vollmer v. Zulka), 489 N. 2d 146 (Ind. Competition is, as noted above, not the cause of scarcity but rather its messenger. What the framers intended the Constitution to mean. For example, marriages could be arranged by parents as in days of yore; jobs could be assigned by a government agency; and college admissions could be determined in the manner of primary- and high-school admissions, with everyone guaranteed a spot but restricted to the college nearest to home. The modern evidence attests to the paramount importance of the specific political actors involved in the American constitutional founding. On the reporter's side, courts in the Third Circuit have identified several interests at stake where disclosure is sought. The Constitution only requires a majority vote in Congress, instead of a two-thirds vote, to make all commercial and navigation laws. What were some problems they thought might arise in getting it approved? A deal was struck: Virginians would support assumption of state debts, and President Washington's administration would support moving the capital to a location on the Potomac River.
The Constitution Balancing Competing Interests Answer Youtube
One of the more important findings of the modern approach to the adoption of the Constitution is that it makes evident the importance to historical outcomes of the specific individuals involved in any historical process. Some may have difficulty because an economic approach to the adoption of the Constitution appears "too calculating. " Under the common law privilege, there is language in the Pennington decision suggesting that state courts should balance the interest of the litigant and the reporter in determining whether to quash the subpoena. 5 percent more likely to vote yes than was an otherwise average delegate with no public securities holdings. The New Quantitative Approach. For non-confidential sources or information, the Maine Supreme Court will balance the competing societal and constitutional issues on a case-by-case basis, weighing any possible injury to the free flow of information against the recognized obligation of all citizens to give relevant evidence. Competition is ubiquitous because the condition that gives rise to it is ubiquitous: the scarcity of resources relative to the needs and desires of living beings. State v. Martinez, No. 2d at 357; see also Cuthbertson I, 630 F. 2d at 147 (explaining that the framers "did not undertake to assign priorities as between First Amendment and Sixth Amendment rights, ranking one as superior to the other") (citation omitted). Several persuasive opinions indicate that a court should engage in a balancing of the public's interest in protecting the newsgathering process against the private interest in disclosure that has been brought into question. Reputably the best source of information concerning what took place at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention in 1787. It also ensures a free flow of information, which is essential to effective government.
The Constitution Balancing Competing Interests Answer Sheet
United States v. Hively, 202 F. 2d 886, 891 (E. Ark. The most important and lasting blow to Beard after nearly a half-century of acceptance. Based on his evidence collected from the Philadelphia convention, McDonald (1958, p. 110) concludes, "anyone wishing to rewrite the history of those proceedings largely or exclusively in terms of the economic interests represented there would find the facts to be insurmountable obstacles. " Although the privilege statute does not require a judicial balancing of interests in determining whether to quash a subpoena, the Kentucky Supreme Court has recognized that weighing a "litigant's right to disclosure with due regard for the importance of freedom of the press" is an important part of the analysis. The modern evidence suggests that constitutions are the products of the interests of those who design and adopt them. In re American Broad. When we hear public agencies and their private wards attacking each other, they are not competing but rather bargaining over the quids and quos of their mutually sustaining alliances. The statistical technique employed is called multivariate logistic regression. Quantitative research suggests that these framers of the Constitution can be seen as rational individuals who were making choices in designing the fundamental rules of governance for the nation. Those who aspire to office must compete for public approval. The Rational Choice Model. How a Strong Central Government Affected the Economy.
The Constitution Balancing Competing Interests Answers
The Constitution thus replaced the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union as the law of the land. Hamilton's course of action, delivered to the House of Representatives in his "Report on Credit" of January 14, 1790, was threefold. Where the reporter is a party, and particularly in a libel action, 'the equities weigh somewhat more heavily in favor of disclosure. ' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956. Furthermore, even if the grounds for divesting the privilege have been established, "the court should narrowly tailor the order to require production of only that information for which the petitioner (here, the State) has met all the statutory prerequisites, " and if necessary, "should scrutinize the material in camera to ensure that its production does not violate the protections the legislature intended to provide reporters. " Except in defamation cases, the person seeking to compel disclosure must show "that there is a compelling and overriding interest requiring the disclosure of the information where the disclosure is necessary to prevent injustice. " 31-51) claimed that support for his argument could be found in the economic conditions prevailing during the 1780s. Instead, Congress has marshaled the commerce clause to regulate innumerable matters that have little or nothing to do with interstate commerce. And by clearly defining the relationships among the states, it allayed the fears of those who worried that certain states might become too powerful. The Rhode Island Shield Law provides that a party seeking to divest the privilege must show "that there is substantial evidence that disclosure of the information or of the source of the information is necessary to permit a criminal prosecution for the commission of a specific felony, or to prevent a threat to human life, and that the information or the source of the information is not available from other prospective witnesses. "
The Constitution Balancing Competing Interests Answer Key 7Th Grade
New York, in particular, appeared problematic. Specific provisions in
the Constitution that helped to increase the benefits of exchange were those that prohibited the national and state governments from enacting ex-post-facto laws (retroactive laws) and a provision that prohibited the state governments from passing any "law impairing the obligation of contracts. " 914; but it is only 0. Vermont law reflects "a balancing between the ingredients of freedom of the press and the obligation of citizens, when called upon, to give relevant testimony relating to criminal conduct. Competition was more than an end of the constitutional order — more than a source of liberty, equality, and prosperity. Rental Co., defendant's compelling interest in obtaining the photos seemed largely based on their relevance. Why did they decide to allow for duties (taxes) on imports but not on exports? Frequently, the analysis of the subpoenaing party's interest is conflated with discussion of the other LaRouche factors.
The Constitution Balancing Competing Interests Answers.Com
An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States. In his view, the Federalists, the founders who supported a strong, centralized government and favored the Constitution during its drafting and ratification, were individuals whose primary economic interests were tied to personal property. Since then, Congress has passed two laws — Obamacare and the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank) — that reach new heights of legislative delegation. However, a balancing test is required if the information at issue is unpublished news or other related information. The courts are increasingly inclined to defer to the political branches, especially when they act collaboratively. Hamilton had helped to ensure the Constitution's ratification.
According to the essay, factions introduce "instability, injustice, and confusion... into the public councils, " which are "the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished. " But invoking the desirability of cooperation without specifying how it is to be achieved does not get us anywhere. Section 2(b) of the shield statute requires the proponent of any disclosure by the news media of non-confidential source information to prove that there "is a compelling interest in the disclosure. " The party that sees its agenda frustrated may well yearn for greater "efficiency" — just as the losing competitor in any system may resent the competition. The Indiana shield law is absolute and, therefore, does not require a judicial balancing of interests in determining whether to quash a subpoena, if the purpose of the subpoena is to learn the identity of a source. But Anti-Federalists, who feared that the document gave too much power to the federal government, worked to convince the states to reject it. Yet Brown and McDonald are still credited by many with delivering the fatal blows to Beard's economic interpretation of the Constitution. Major advances in both economic thinking about political behavior and statistical techniques have taken place in the last thirty or so years.
When you have completed this lesson, you should be able to explain the positions of Franklin and Mason, and give arguments in support of and in opposition to these positions. The court reiterated its refusal to "carve out an exception for most, if not all, libel cases where the legislature could have created an exception for libel defendants and refused to do so. " They include the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Environmental Protection Agency, and scores of agencies within the cabinet departments. Competitive federalism, like the separation of powers in Washington, provides balance as well as checks. The separation of powers has been an effective tool of limited government for much of our history. It also indicated that "[a]s the law in this area continues to develop, the court should consider other factors found to influence the open and free flow of information to news reporters. Although competition is frequently associated with individualism and egoism, its primary advantages are collective rather than individual. The modern economic history of the Constitution asks: How did a particular economic interest (for example, slaveholdings) per se influence the founders' voting behavior taking into account all the influences of other factors on those founders' voting behavior (for example, the slaveholding founders)? Why is the Constitution sometimes described as "a bundle of compromises"?
There is, of course, competition for power in every political system: In a monarchy or dictatorship, one competes for the allegiance of rulers and elites. The force of these arguments has been the subject of great debate down the centuries; one can see in Washington today that they were hardly a complete or durable solution to the problem of special interests. These modern methods allow for a systematic quantitative analysis of the voting behavior of the founders employing, among other data and evidence, the types of non-quantitative data about the founders that historians collected decades ago but never systematically analyzed. It is equally present in our constitutional institutions, where politicians have always looked for ways to loosen the strictures of competition. A widely acclaimed, and monumentally influential, study of the American founding by an eminent historian. But already, it threatened to crumble. In May 1787, the democratic government that had emerged from the American Revolution was only eight years old. All but three of the delegates signed the document. 2d 413, 9 Media L. 2193 (Md. States also compete with the federal government. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1966. The Kansas shield law does not specifically require a "balancing" of interests, i. e., the party who seeks to compel disclosure of information in the possession of a journalist either succeeds in making a showing that satisfies the requirements of K. 60-482(a) or he doesn't, in which case the journalist will not be required to respond to the subpoena.
Servs., Inc. Eighth Judicial Dist. This balance is assessed through the three-part test.
Erik Johnson is co-founder and partner at White Point, a Charlotte-based private real estate firm specializing in the acquisition and development of office, retail, mixed-use and multifamily properties throughout the southeastern U. He earned a BS in Anthropology from the College of Charleston and an MBA from UNC Kenan-Flagler. Cathy carlson governing board member of the internet. In addition, her experience includes the management of consumer deposit products and pricing, product development, product marketing and brand strategy. Kara Van Duzee, Dallas, TX. Kathy is chair of the board of the St. Mark's School of Texas, a private, independent school for boys and on the board of trustees of the independent, all-girls Hockaday School, where she chairs the finance committee.
Cathy Carlson Governing Board Member Of The Internet
The depth and quality of work by student affairs educators, higher education scholars, and faculty colleagues too often goes unrecognized. Lynn Lewis is chief commercial officer for Emmes, a leading clinical contract research organization supporting both private and public clinical research. This award recognizes an individual new to the field (1-3 years) working in an academic affairs or academic affairs related position, who has already made significant contributions to the association or the profession and demonstrates potential for leadership and continuing service. She is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, The Links, Incorporated, Winston-Salem Chapter, Jack & Jill of America, Incorporated and The Moles, Inc. Robert B. Outland III, Rich Square, NC. In addition to and Dayal was instrumental in the creation of the Pay It Forward India Fellowship in 2013 in honor of Professor Jack Behrman, who influenced Dayal with his discourses on ethics in business. UNC Kenan-Flagler Board | UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School. She serves on the boards of Primo Water Corporation (NYSE: PRMW), Eruditus, Mursion, Product School and ACUE. Outside of work, he serves on the boards of various community and educational organizations and enjoys spending time with his family. Click Active Groups. Before Floor & Decor, Tillie worked as director of co-branded stores at Carter's OshKosh b'Gosh, spearheading new store concept deployment. Kevin Clark is director of strategic growth initiatives for marketing, communications and partnerships at Intuit. Black resides in Charlotte with her husband, Brad, and has three sons. Illinois contains different types of school districts (community unit, elementary, high school, consolidated, etc. Use the menu below to jump to a section of interest.
Cathy Carlson Governing Board Member.Php
Mr. Robert J. McCreary, Charlotte, NC. Amber T. Harris, Winston-Salem, NC. Norona is on the board of directors and audit committee chair of Clarios, the world leader in automotive batteries with revenues exceeding $8. He most recently served as executive vice chairman of BofA Merrill Lynch before joining Centerview in August 2021. He also serves on the executive committee. "Drawn from research and the lived experiences of women and... upcoming events. He resides in Jacksonville, Florida, and Newport, Rhode Island. Panelist, "Doing Business in Frontier Emerging Markets, Southeast Asia, " International Business Law Institute (2011). Douglas M. Hartman, Austin, TX. Mr. Gerald F. Roach, Raleigh, NC. Governing Board for City, County Pavement Improvement Center Holds Inaugural Meeting. "To develop and implement a long range financial plan to ensure fiscal strength and extended facilities life. Matthews received a BA and MBA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Cathy Carlson Governing Board Member Dies
Sam Bowles is a managing director at New Republic Capital and a member of the board of directors of New Republic Partners. Pirouz earned his MBA from UNC Kenan-Flagler and BS in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Cornell University. Cathy carlson governing board member.php. Cami Rice is a managing director of Morgan Stanley, chief administrative officer of the Institutional Securities Group (ISG) and head of ISG business unit risk management for the Americas. She is also a member of the executive advisory Boards of Teach for America North Texas and sits on the president's advisory board at Princeton University, UT Southwestern Medical Center and the James Madison Program of American Ideals at Princeton University, among others. He also attended Yale University's Chief Executive Officer Institute.
Zmuda was also previously responsible for Vizient's national senior supply chain Member Networks connecting more than 320 provider organizations, nationally, including system-level executives and medical/clinical leaders in supply chain and the Large IDN Supply Network (LISN), representing 20-25 of the nation's largest health systems and more than 500 acute care facilities to: share leading practices and data, influence the industry, and develop high-value differentiating solutions. Prior to that, Chen was an executive director in J. Morgan's real estate and lodging investments banking group and worked in both the New York and London offices from 2003 to 2010. The purpose of CCPIC is to promote and leverage the most advanced, cost-effective and sustainable pavement practices, science, tools, and resources to California's cities and counties, which will help local agencies maximize the value of their local streets and roads. CSAC's appointees include: Howard Dashiell, Mendocino County; Todd Riddiough, Yolo County; David Mendoza, San Joaquin County; Matt Tuggle, Solano County; Casey Carlson, Santa Cruz County; and Chris Hooke, Ventura County. Commission for Academic Affairs | ACPA. From 2005 until the merger with Wells Fargo, Carroll served as senior executive vice president and head of Wachovia's Capital Management Group, which included retail brokerage (Wachovia Securities), asset management (Evergreen Investments) and retirement and investment products.