Answered step-by-step. "The chemical and physiological data were vast" Wiley wrote. Deborah Blum, Author: I mean the thing is so hot that Wiley is even saying to him, you know, I think you went over the top here in, in the way that you're kind of, you know, calling the food industry villains and everything that he does in this report. Far from the usual dry government reports, Wedderburn's write up of Wiley's results was a take-no-prisoners account of the food industry, editorializing on what he called the "reckless disregard" for health and outright "evil practices" of many manufacturers. They maintain this appearance of being fresh. What did mrs margarine think about answer key.com. Narrator: President Roosevelt was not interested in assigning credit for the law beyond his own. Narrator: Before Wiley published a single result of his study, the poison squad had become a cultural phenomenon, and their exploits real or imagined, legendary.
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The effects were far more serious than for some of the other chemicals that they saw. It's thought that his doctor believed that Roosevelt was probably pre-diabetic, so the doctor suggested substituting saccharin. Sarah Lohman, Writer: They would get nauseous. Narrator: The most persistent reporter was the Washington post's George Rothwell Brown, who had befriended chef Perry, and plied him for information. "I was plunged at once out of my long boyhood" he noted gloomily. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Chapters 1 and 2 Summary & Analysis. As Wiley increased the dosage of borax over time, the men began to show signs of serious intestinal illness, including vomiting. "It will take more than my recommendation to get the law passed, Roosevelt explained. And in the kind of wash of the Meat Inspection Act, the food and drug people like Wiley say this is our minute. Narrator: Wiley's professional life and his pursuit of food regulation would get an unexpected boost in 1898 after American troops were sent into Cuba during the Spanish American war. The lead scientist was Ira Remsen, the man who discovered saccharin, the president's favorite sugar substitute, which Wiley sought to ban.
A new food safety bill was up for debate and hearings were scheduled in the senate and the house, with Wiley to testify as the lead witness in both. Cities swelled as millions of new laborers began working in factories. They are forced to subsist on bread and margarine for breakfast, boiled potatoes and cabbage for lunch, and cabbage soup for supper. The only way to achieve this, Wiley believed, was to test these chemicals on human beings and document their effects. It was true with antitrust regulation, it's true now with environmental regulations and food safety. What did mrs margarine think about answer key. Put simply, a substitute is a good that can be used in place of another.
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A bike and a car are far from perfect substitutes, but they are similar enough for people to use them to get from point A to point B. A one B two C nine D ten Answer A Ques Status Previous Edition 295 24 Suppose. There is one thing to keep in mind when it comes to substitutes: the degree to which a good is a substitute for another can, and often will, differ. A sense that there is, you know, a right way and a wrong way. Eric Schlosser, Writer: One of the reasons that Teddy Roosevelt was so receptive to The Jungle, is he had personal firsthand memory of really disgusting food being sold to the US government and served to his troops, so he had a reservoir of anger at the meat packing industry, and reading The Jungle just seemed to confirm his own instincts about these shoddy business practices. "More research, it seemed, would be for now, the data was having wiley's intended effect - the public was taking notice. Narrator: In 1902, much to his surprise, congress agreed to fund Wiley's human experiments, granting him five thousand dollars to get started. Watch The Poison Squad | American Experience | Official Site | PBS. And so, he made enemies, but he was also extremely honest and frank. That was the basis for the name and a lot of other soft drinks did, too. When consumers make buying decisions, substitutes provide them with alternatives. There are three brothers and two sisters. Suzanne Junod, Historian: If there's one study that the Poison Squad did that was never disputed, it was the influence of formaldehyde. The thing that crystallized it for him was ketchup. Corby Kummer, Journalist: If it came from a package, if it came from a can, it's sanitary, it's trustworthy.
Upton Sinclair could tell these shocking human stories, but Wiley could say "look at what I have been able to demonstrate in a lab. " Get 5 free video unlocks on our app with code GOMOBILE. No one was dropping dead, but the exposure to the borax was making them sick. It's young men who are in the employ of the US government, and here it's being defrauded by industry. A substitute is a product or service that can be easily replaced with another by consumers. But after more than a decade of raising alarm bells about the need for food regulations, 56-year-old Harvey Wiley had grown restless with a congress seemingly unwilling to do anything about it. It's like all these young men performing experiments on themselves, poisoning themselves. So, Wiley's approach to labeling had to be abandoned. It hadn't been really determined how to preserve things in a way that would keep them marketable for a long period of time. What Did Mrs Margarine Think About Her Sis Husband.pdf - - MATHMA041 | Course Hero. Mark Kurlansky, Writer: In New York City, they had this odd thing where they had a lot of breweries in the city, and they would set up dairies next to the brewery and you'd take a cow, and you'd just chain it for life to this spot, and the leftover from the brewery, it was called swill, it would sort of come through on a trough, and it was a very poor quality of feed and there was no hygiene at all in these places, so the cows basically died standing there being milked.
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Eric Schlosser, Writer: I think he is very much of a part of a great many reformers of the Progressive Era who looked at the injustice and wanted to make the system live up to its own ideals. What did mrs margarine think about answer key for english. Narrator: It wasn't long before Wiley's proselytizing for pure food attracted the attention of enterprising industry marketers who, rather than fight against the movement, saw an opportunity to capitalize on its message. Soon, colorful accounts about a quirky scientist and his band of intrepid gastronomic volunteers began cropping up in the post. They actually redo some of the Poison Squad studies and Roosevelt endorses those actions. Narrator: In 1904, Wiley himself was in the midst of a personal transformation from enterprising government chemist to pure food evangelist.
That's the same eye we said in the first paragraph. Despite the restrictions secretary Wilson was putting on his research, he continued to analyze a host of products, including medicated soft drinks, which were hugely popular at the time. And butter from two different producers are also considered perfect substitutes; the producer may be different, but their purpose and usage are the same. Narrator: With industrialization came consolidation. RECREATION: INT: November 1902, Dining Room In America. Wiley grew up in an atmosphere in which there were standards of honesty and integrity, influenced by religion. And he had no subtlety in the arts of negotiation.
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It's the rise of saying "we now have an enormous class difference. " All these big food companies emerge at this time. Great advances in technology allowed for the expansion of all types of industry, from steel manufacturing and coal mining to communication and railroads. Only half of the participants, Wiley pointed out, had managed to last through the final round of testing, with the rest dropping out due to illness.
Sarah Lohman, Writer: Sinclair went and did this research, and when you read it, just like the swill milk exposés, it sounds too horrific to be believed, but then Roosevelt sends people in to see what's happening, and they come back, and their report says Sinclair was absolutely right. The whole thing is fascinating. So it would sweeten up the taste of souring milk, then they would sell this milk and so, you actually start seeing in newspapers around the country embalmed milk scandals because the milk starts killing people, mostly children, and the dairymen are never prosecuted. Corby Kummer, Journalist: Wiley is very shrewd in understanding that these women want confidence in industry. He's not a person to share credit. This is a completely honorable way to keep in the public eye and keep pushing your ideas. Wiley's Purdue Lab I. Narrator: Upon his return to the U. S. A wiley was more determined than ever to investigate the American food industry and to raise public awareness about the prevalence of fake food and chemical adulterants. Perfect vs. Less Perfect Substitutes.
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They were simple tests, sort of, but the chemistry behind them was pretty sophisticated. RECREATION: INT: Dining Room Table. Suzanne Junod, Historian: Morton in particular became suspicious of Wiley. But Wiley had a bold new agenda for the fledgling bureau - a wide scale study of the state of American food. Economic inequality starts in the first gilded age in the 1890s when all these progressive movements are taking root because the consolidation of money and power in the hands of men is something that women and trade unions start to fight. You had no way to know that because there was no labeling on these foods either. There was one, I have a stomach that can take anything, bring it on, basically, So, he was not really having too much trouble with recruits. Bruce Watson, Journalist: He goes up against Congress. Charlie longs for more filling foods, especially chocolate, which he receives only once a year on his birthday. Deborah Blum, Author: Milk production was becoming increasingly corrupt because as you have the rise of industries which are clustered around big urban areas, you have people who are living on a very small budget and they can't afford the wonderful farm fresh milk anyway. People are being cheated. Together Lakey and Wiley ignited a nationwide letter writing campaign in favor of food regulation, with a message aimed squarely at members of congress and the president.
Narrator: The committee rooms of congress, Wiley wrote, "were jammed with attorneys for the industries - a formidable lobby of influential men who would stop at nothing to kill legislation. Let's look at the negative two part of three. When it came time to publish the next installment of bulletin 13, the agency secretary, julius morton, threatened to suspend the whole study and he fired wedderburn. They had columnists like Wiley at Good Housekeeping. Suzanne Junod, Historian: Wiley was a chemist. Teddy Roosevelt is sort of like, we've kind of dealt with this already, let's move on to the next thing, I got parks to make, you know. A substitute can be perfect or imperfect depending on whether the substitute completely or partially satisfies the consumer. The banquet how fine, don't begin it. Here are just a few examples of substitute goods: - Currency: a dollar bill for 4 quarters (also known as fungibility). Narrator: In no time, influential reform groups like the national consumers league and the general federation of women's clubs lent their voices to Wiley's crusade for pure food, recognizing food safety as part of their larger progressive agenda. Nevertheless, Wiley was convinced that Candler was pushing a product with dangerous levels of caffeine that he believed was a habit forming drug. Understanding Substitutes.
Narrator: It was a portrait of an industry run amok, an extremely worrying depiction of America's food supply that transfixed the country. Deborah Blum, Author: Well, food manufacturers from the beginning were outraged by what Wiley was doing because a lot of this had been a well-kept secret. Wiley was getting to a place where he was getting frustrated, his budget was getting cut. Eventually he asks her to marry him and she says no. So when Wiley spoke out against saccharin, Roosevelt said, you know, my doctor prescribes that for me.
Art Bell: Somewhere in Time returned to 5/16/02 when Dr. Paul Steinhardt, professor of physics at Princeton University, explained how the Big Bang has happened many times before. Art Bell answers on the air, unscreened as always. Two of America's leading investigators of unexplained phenomena tell us why they believe a rebound--a rapid and violent cooling that will cover the Northern Hemisphere in a sheath of choking ice and snow--is imminent. "And I was only polite. " Find the back catalog at -. Art Bell: Somewhere in Time returned to 5/8/01 when researcher Neil Slade discussed how people can release their brain's neurocircuits for increases in creativity, intelligence, and even paranormal abilities. If Art Bell believes half of what is claimed on his program, he is either the world's most gullible man or a raving lunatic. Whether he knew it or not, Art Bell made radio history the first night he cracked the mic in 1985. Dreamland is also the name used by military pilots for the expanse of desert north of Bell's house, Area 51, where pilots get to fly experimental craft they previously could only dream about.
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Bell hosted classic episodes of "Coast to Coast AM" that can be heard in some radio markets on Saturday nights under the name "Somewhere in Time. " Bell's voice is not a sleepy sound; he is not the soothing FM deejay or the romantic companion of a listener's dreams. It is true: That man with a straw hat, quivering in the remote distance, turns out to be a clump of cactus. Bell, heard in Washington on WRC (570 AM), asks that we embrace all possibilities. Linda Howe, Lucy Pringle - Crop Circles.
Bell, who often dealt with time travel on his show, interviewed theoretical physicist Dr. Micho Kaku in November, 1998. A guest predicts an explosion on the sun that will wipe out all plant life in Africa. Not far from the town's main drawing cards -- legal brothels called Sheri's Ranch and the Chicken Ranch -- Bell's trailer commands a plot of sand and rock, surrounded by satellite dishes and a chain-link fence. 2003-12-15 - Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell - Nuclear Scenarios - Michio Kaku. Through the miracle of satellite technology, the talk show host transmits the disturbing call to more than 400 radio stations across the nation -- more than any other radio show but for Paul Harvey, Rush Limbaugh and Laura Schlessinger.
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After a few moments, the craft floated across the valley and out of sight. That voice, the synthy intro, the droning guests on the phone, the departure from reality… all reasons Art Bell sends me to slumberland. And if I'm awake it's just mildly interesting enough to keep me company. "It is very difficult for us to believe Bell... would have the unmitigated gall to ask the public to pay $24. 2002-04-18 - Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell - John Zerzan - Anarchist. Known for his spontaneous and compelling conversations about all things unexplained, Bell has a keen intellect and an unpretentious curiosity for the bizarre.
A voice heard regularly on WGNS since the 1990's has died. What does that make me? He's so engrossed in what he does that he doesn't need anything but what he has out there in the desert. " A traitor to your race, Metzger said. But his initial reaction was typical Bell: If you say so, sure. James Gilliland from ECETI also spoke about his UFO footage.
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And, Bell says, "It was silent. Bell's interest in politics has waned. Bell had a large and devoted following of listeners interested in his often controversial and always fascinating topics. The man cannot divulge his location. If you'd like access to lots more episodes without limits- support us at from only $5 per month. However, his legacy lives on in the form of classic episodes of Coast to Coast AM that are still broadcast today. Please enter a valid web address. Bio courtesy of: Wikipedia. Later that night, Bell offers listeners his take on the event: "That's beyond coincidence. Following their footsteps, he pursued a career in the military that allowed him the opportunity to create an on-base pirate radio station. In Bell's world, visitors from other dimensions win equal time with Clinton and Lewinsky. "He's headstrong, wants to do things his way.
He manages to hold back his laughter until he's off the phone. Feelings are mixed on this subject, so we want to know what YOU think. Almost immortalized. You will never hear Bell tell off a guest, no matter how harebrained the tale, no matter how preposterous the claims. Bell has played along, posting the entire exchange about his possible government ties on his Web site () and remarking on the air that "I'm not afraid.