RUSSELL COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD. It will be noted from this table, that the trend in oat production has been up and down many times; that the production was much less during the period following the Civil War than in either 1850 or 1860; and that the production is much less today than at former times. Size of Legislative Body: 7. Thus, there is still a majority of the one-room schools in spite of the fact that several have been recently eliminated or consolidated. This figure specifies just the amount harvested for grain. The milk produced, according to the census figures, amounted to 1, 739, 361 gallons.
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Russell County Board Of Supervisory Board
In the first place, their location makes them convenient for emergency cases, where transportation delays might be serious or even fatal. BANKING INSTITUTIONS. The Russell County School Board meets on the first Thursday of each month. Although Prof. Fugate was the principal of this school for only three terms, it continued to exist until 1899. It has, however, seven telegraph offices which are operated in the stations of the Norfolk and Western Railway at Carbo, Carterton, Castlewood, Cleveland, Finney, Honaker, and Sword's Creek; and these offices are in a position to handle domestic as well as cable and radio messages to all parts of the world. The approximate Irish potato production, according to the 1925 Agriculture Census, was only 26, 339 bushels. Vitally connected with the Star route service is that furnished by the trains on the Clinchfield and the Norfolk and Western railways. Then, if these were intersected by a number of improved cross roads, the farm population would not be in the more or less isolated position, in which it finds itself at the present time. 5 per cent of the value of the mortgaged property. In 1925, there were 14, 118 acres listed as being devoted to hay crops; and a production of 15, 497 tons were reported. This led to a widespread cultivation of Burley tobacco as a money crop.
She has also a percentage of total illiteracy which is 4 points higher than the average figure for the State including the negro population. The company has a capital stock of $50, 000; employs from 30 to 35 folks, who receive an aggregate of more than $35, 000 per annum; and mines an economical bituminous coal, especially suited for furnace use. The Gallup organization has conducted polling that shows America is evenly split on the abortion issue, but many localities have solidly conservative majorities, making them ideal places to initiate pro-life resolutions and ordinances that aim to defend the unborn. With reference to the total amount of mortgage debt of this kind, Russell County ranked 17th among the counties of the State. 56 in Russell County, and $7. It is in charge of Dr. McNeer. 4 per cent of the area in farms. It is the work of the commissioner of the revenue to assess the property upon which the tax levies are laid. Since then however, a new heating plant has been installed in the Lebanon High School, and a separate Agricultural building has been erected at the Temple Hill School. The savings in capital outlay, as well as in maintenance costs, effected by recent almshouse consolidations have been indeed gratifying. From this ancient beginning postal service has developed into a most effective instrument of civilization; and fortunately, Russell County has benefited from at least a part of this development.
As an indication of this, it is well to note that this company has been operating trucks in the County and collecting from an average of 160 farmers, at their own farmsteads, an average of 6, 000 pounds of milk per day; and in some instances a maximum of 8, 000 pounds per day from 215 patrons. Search results from our Services may contain copyrighted material and, if so, you may not use such content unless you obtain permission from its owner or are otherwise permitted by law. R. Van Dyke is president; and P. Brown, secretary. An increase of 12 per cent in the improved farm land will be noted from 1900 to 1920. Even taking into consideration the change in the value of the dollar, the increase for the period was still over 500 per cent; and indicates unusual progress along this line. Under the classification, "Farms operated by full owners, " there were 1, 677 farms listed, with 273 of them reporting mortgages amounting to a total of $926, 990. With this in mind it is very interesting to note the following table compiled from the 1925 Federal Census of Agriculture, which shows Russell County's livestock evaluated in terms of animal units, and which helps to make clear just how well stocked the County is when compared with the moderately stocked area. Payments were made in either specie or tobacco; and in turn some of the County officials were partially paid with tobacco during those early days. This small table serves as a crude picture of the ups and downs of the sheep industry in Russell County for a period of 75 years; and it points out that there are less sheep in the County today than in 1900 or in 1910 in spite of the fact that the number has increased since 1920. Listed by Districts and with the number of teachers). General County officials include a treasurer, a sheriff, a Commonwealth's attorney, a commissioner of the revenue, a clerk, and a superintendent of schools. The principal's office is lacking in equipment, and the library is inadequate; however, it is interesting to note that a separate building has recently been constructed for the Agricultural department. These figures indicate that the agricultural and livestock industry is at least five times as great as the manufacturing business in the County; and make fairly clear the more wide-spread interest in the farm industry, and its relative importance to the life of the area.
It was not until 1890, that the census recorded an increase in horses over the 1850 figures. In 1880, she dropped to 10th place with a production of 2, 534 pounds, and by 1890, the production of flax in the County, as well as in the State, had practically ceased. The total number of concerns were classified according to the type of business and arranged in a table to show the number of firms of each type as well as the amount of purchases. Companies located in the towns pay both town and county taxes, except for utilities and licensing taxes, which are paid only to the town. According to the 1925 Agricultural Census only one Virginia county - Augusta - had more sheep than Russell; yet Russell County has 2, 765 less sheep than in 1900, and 20, 918 less than was shown by the 1910 census. The efforts of the majority of Russell County folks have ever been devoted to agricultural pursuits; yet, there has been some commerce and industry in this area during the entire existence of the County, and even before its formation. This is due to the fact that the majority of the farmers still need and use horses and mules for farm work. Furthermore, since there is no separate welfare organization in the County, such work comes under the direction of this service. The figures in the following tables show clearly this upward trend in agricultural values to 1920 and the subsequent downward trend since that date. It is not amiss to note at this point that the judge of the circuit court is elected by the Virginia General Assembly, or temporarily appointed by the Governor, in case a vacancy occurs while the General Assembly is in recess. The law in regard to this matter, however, specifies the following exemptions: unmarried persons, $1, 000; husband and wife (living together), $2, 000; and each additional person dependent on and entirely supported by the taxpayer, $400.
Russell County Board Of Supervisors Youtube
Should the County continue to build or recondition her roads bit by bit; or would it be to her advantage to issue additional bonds of much larger proportions, and endeavor to build up quickly, a more satisfactory system of local highways? These included 3 blacksmithing shops, 3 establishments making boots and shoes, 5 grain mills, 1 furniture and cabinet shop, 4 tanneries, 3 lumber mills, 6 harness and saddlery establishments, 1 shop making wagons and carts, and 1 wool carding establishment. The idle or fallow crop land of Russell comprised only 1, 419 acres in 1925. Furthermore, for several years, 100 pounds of tobacco were paid by the County for every old wolf which was killed. This seems to indicate that a rapid development of all these feeder roads has been impossible with the available resources of the past. There are three local papers which serve Russell County weekly. Recapitulating, with the total population considered, we see that this area produces food surpluses of beef, mutton and lamb, corn, eggs, and turkeys; and shows food deficits of pork and lard, wheat, Irish potatoes, and dairy products. Other Funds- 11, 863. It appears that this could be most effectively and economically accomplished by joining with sister counties and establishing a modern district home. During the early days of Russell County, there were school commissioners to direct the affairs of the few public primary schools, but it was not until 1870 that the idea of a public school system directed by a superintendent became a reality. Forty-five of these were in the Castlewood district; thirty-five were in the New Garden district; thirty-two were in the Cleveland district; twenty were in the Lebanon district; nineteen were in the Copper Creek district; fifteen were in the Moccasin district; and nine were in the Elk Garden district.
The Dante High School is located in a coal mining town, and is crowded for playground space. While the percentage of tenancy was higher in 1880 than in 1890, it was still higher in 1900 and 1910. Year- Average Size Of Farms(Acres) - Percentage Increase or Decrease in Size (for decade)-Number of Farms. While it is true that there are a limited number of very good home libraries, and that some adults occasionally make use of the school library service, the larger portion of the inhabitants are deprived of the privilege and stimulus of public reservoirs of books, papers and periodicals. Three years after the organization of the old Russell County Bank, a Citizens National Bank was established in Lebanon.
A New Garden Bank was established at Honaker about 1905, but was later converted (1911) into the First National Bank of Honaker. In addition to the livestock and the staple grains - corn, wheat, and oats - the census for 1850 shows that Russell County produced quite a bit of rye, buckwheat, tobacco, wool, peas and beans, potatoes, butter, cheese, clover seed, hay, flax, flaxseed, maple sugar, molasses, honey and beeswax. The oats from the remaining 503 acres were threshed and turned out 8, 407 bushels of grain. The academic factors considered include the per cent of attendance on population, the per cent of teachers holding above a first grade certificate, the term in days, the per cent of high school pupils on total enrollment, and the adequacy of educational facilities. Crop land||49, 380|. The pioneer Russell County farmstead, like the early American farmstead in general, was characterized by its self-sufficiency.
The approximate amount of corn needed for human consumption in 1925, at 46 pounds per person, was 21, 357 bushels. As already surmised, officers are selected in a multiplicity of ways. The second day of Cedar Fest will take place on June 13, 2021 from 2:00 pm to 5:00 …. 2 per cent for the State. Other issues were made in 1911, 1912 and 1913, and in 1913 the Castlewood district issued similar bonds amounting to $150, 000. Industrial Survey prepared for Southwestern Virginia, Inc., in 1930, there were 208 retail and wholesale business firms operating in Russell County.
Russell County School Board
It may be a means by which tenants become farm owners and large producers; while on the other hand it may be a factor in the decline of property values. In addition to its special line of canes, the Company manufactures a limited number of cedar chests encased in black walnut, and various kinds of wood novelties. Six years after the closing of this school, or in 1893, Prof. Fugate established his splendid Collingwood Academy at Fugate's Hill in the extreme western part of the County.
This was a very good showing indeed when we consider that it was more favorable than the figures for all adjoining counties, except Tazewell; and much more favorable than the figures which revealed the startling fact that the counties of Pittsylvania, Halifax and Caroline had 73, 889, 66, 080, and 40, 957 acres, respectively, of idle land at the same date. For instance, the value or purchasing power of the dollar, as determined by the use of index numbers worked out by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, was only 44 cents in 1920, as compared with the 1913 dollar, only 63 cents in 1925 as compared with the 1913 dollar, but $1. It has been that way for years, but still it exists and seems to flourish. 9 per cent, respectively, of their farms mortgaged. This trend in the value of school property in the County can be further visualized by a study of the facts as set forth below. Under the supervision of Superintendent H. Fugate, the present seven school districts were defined, and recorded February 11, 1913; and from that time until 1922 the general school affairs were handled by district boards in cooperation with the County Superintendent. Legislative Body: Board of Supervisors.
All land in farms (acres)||249, 471||292, 397|. The counties of Buchanan, Dickenson, Scott, Tazewell, Washington and Wise had only 5. Furthermore, plans are now being formulated to pave the remaining nine miles of dirt and gravel surface on Route 11. The meetings are held in the board room located downstairs in the School Board Office. The value relating to crops was taken from the Census for 1920, because it included vegetables as well as the staple products. The Commonwealth of Virginia is known for being on the side of business, based on its statutes, economic development practices, and other endorsements.
Virginia Attorney General. Every subject to ups and downs, the cattle industry, at least, increased in volume during the next decade; for in 1880 the census listed 16, 847 cattle, of which 3, 916 were classified as cows and only 156 as oxen. This would not be so alarming, perhaps, if it were not for the fact that so large a percentage of the farm population is forced to use these unfavorable roads.
Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, test–retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (s. e. m. ), item internal consistency and discriminant validity using Spearman's correlation coefficient and construct validity using Spearman's correlation coefficient and Independent t-test. Another limitation of this study may be the short length of time (i. e., 2–6 days) between two measurements for test–retest reliability which increases the memory effects of first administration of instrument on the performance of subsequent administration. Translating health status questionnaires and evaluating their quality: the IQOLA Project approach. Furthermore, the design of the present study did not allow us to assess its sensitivity to change. In conjunction with the FAAM to be able to measure quality of life in people with foot and ankle disorders. Medicine, PsychologyFoot & ankle international. Four rating systems were developed by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society to provide a standard method of reporting clinical status of the ankle and foot. Structural and Construct Validity of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) With an Emphasis on Pain and Functionality After Foot Surgery: A Multicenter Study. As expected, the FAAM subscales had strong correlations with concurrent measures of PF (that is, SF-36 PF and PHSM) and weak correlations with concurrent measures of mental function (that is, SF-36 MF and MHSM). Evidence of validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM)., the ADL and SPORTS subscales had greater correlations with the SF-36 PF (r. 0. Medicine, PsychologyRheumatology International.
Answers for both scales are based on a Likert scale (4-0) of: 4) "no difficulty". Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related SurgeryA Practical Guide to Research: Design, Execution, and Publication. The values of internal consistency obtained in this study must be interpreted with caution because it has been shown that the same Cronbach's alpha can be achieved in data sets with different structures. However, proposed response criteria, such as the minimal clinically important difference, do not correspond with the growing need for information on truly meaningful, individual improvements. Application of Computerized Adaptive Testing to the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Nauck T, Lohrer H. Translation, cross-cultural adaption and validation of the German version of the foot and ankle ability measure for patients with chronic ankle instability. Journal of Rehabilitation MedicineSystematic review of outcome measures of walking training using electromechanical and robotic devices in patients with stroke. The Persian version of locomotor capabilities index: translation, reliability and validity in individuals with lower limb amputation. 1) "extreme difficulty". PsychologyJournal of chronic diseases. More than two missing values for a subscale were considered invalid. Creating such a universal self-report measure would improve researchers' and clinicians' ability to compare effectiveness of relevant treatments as well as provide a tool with which to gather information about the pathology and impairments caused by lower extremity disorders. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Singapore English and Chinese versions of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in Asians with knee osteoarthritis in Singapore. Health and quality of life outcomesEvaluating change in health-related quality of life in adult rhinitis: responsiveness of the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index. 94 for ADL and SPORTS subscales, respectively. Although the FAAM has been shown to have a good evidence of psychometric properties, its additional validation in other cultures is needed in order to compare and contrast assessments made in different countries. Author={M Amidi Mazaheri and Mahyar Salavati and Hossein Negahban and Soheil Mansour Sohani and Fatemeh Taghizadeh and Awat Feizi and Abdolkarim Karimi and Mohamad Parnianpour}, journal={Osteoarthritis and cartilage}, year={2010}, volume={18 6}, pages={ 755-9}}.
In conclusion, the results reported in this study confirm the reliability and validity of the Persian version of FAAM in patients with a variety of foot and ankle musculoskeletal conditions, especially those with lateral ankle sprain who constituted the majority of included participants. Therefore, a higher score reflects a higher level of physical function. 98 was found for ADL and SPORTS subscales in different subgroups, comparable to the coefficients (0.
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society [and] Swiss Foot and Ankle SocietyPsychometric Comparison of the PROMIS Physical Function CAT With the FAAM and FFI for Measuring Patient-Reported Outcomes. In this study, parameter recovery in the graded response model was…. The FAAM also asks the patient to note their current level of function as "normal", "nearly normal", "abnormal", and "severely abnormal". Psychology, MedicineBMC musculoskeletal disorders. For the ADL subscale, the FAAM was not able to distinguish between individuals who rated their function as normal or nearly normal (72. Recommendations based on level of care in which the assessment is taken: Recommendations for entry-level physical therapy education and use in research. The graded response model can be used to describe test-taking behavior when item responses are classified into ordered categories. The results of the present study provided evidences for psychometric properties (floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, item internal consistency and discriminant validity, and construct validity) of the Persian version of FAAM to be used as an outcome measure in patients with a variety of foot and ankle conditions, including lateral ankle sprain, fracture, plantar fasciitis and other diagnoses.
In an attempt to develop and validate an outcome instrument for measuring physical function, Martin et al. 01) between the ADL subscale and ADL global scale of functional status and a high correlation (r. 0. Patients reporting a score of 0% or 100% were absent or minimal for both subscales. While the unidimensionality of each instrument needs to be measured by performing factor analysis, the sample size of the present study was not sufficient enough to do such analysis. 1, A survey of self-reported outcome instruments for the foot and ankle.
When scoring the FAAM, there should be two scores, one for each subscale. Defining the minimum level of detectable change for the Roland-Morris questionnaire. In order to score the ADL subscale and the Sports subscale, 20/21 items and 7/8 items must be completed, respectively. The Foot Function Index: a measure of foot pain and disability. Item-subscale correlation was significantly higher for hypothesized subscale than for competing subscale at P < 0. The FAAM was developed to provide a universal measure of change in physical functioning of patients with leg, ankle, and foot musculoskeletal disorders. The Foot Function Index for Measuring Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain: Evaluating Side-to-Side Reliability. Statistical Methods For Assessing Measurement Error (Reliability) in Variables Relevant to Sports Medicine.
The differences between these correlations were significant for 14 items of ADL subscale and 6 items of SPORTS subscale. This work is licensed under (the "License"). The evidence on item internal consistency and discriminant validity is provided in Table III. 57 for ADL items and 0. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical TherapyKnee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)—Development of a Self-Administered Outcome Measure. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral ResearchUse of the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for Evaluating Treatment Outcomes With TMJMD Patients: A Preliminary Study1.
Understanding the relevance of measured change through studies of responsiveness. Future research shall assess the responsiveness of the Persian version of FAAM to examine its ability to detect important change in physical functioning over time following a conservative or surgical intervention. Our objective was to compare the scaling properties of the HAQDI and HAQ-II in Dutch patients with RA. Evaluation of the Validity of the AOFAS Clinical Rating Systems by Correlation to the SF-36. Two or more than two standard errors were used as the significance level for comparing each item-subscale correlation with its hypothesized subscale and competing subscale. Will not be liable for loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of using the information provided on the site.
For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. Osteoarthritis and CartilageKnee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS); reliability and validity in competitive athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Psychology, MedicineJournal of clinical epidemiology. Published online: March 24, 2010. Psychology, MedicineQuality of Life Research.
70 indicates the homogeneity of items in each subscale. Recently, the HAQ-II was developed in the US as a short, valid, and reliable alternative using Rasch analysis. Wagner A. K. - Gandek B. International Quality of Life Assessment. Some myths and legends in quantitative psychology.. SD) were significantly greater in individuals (n. 48) who rated their functional status as normal or nearly normal (46. Reliability and validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index in Italian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical TherapyPredicting Short-Term Response to Thrust and Nonthrust Manipulation and Exercise in Patients Post Inversion Ankle Sprain. 53 for SPORTS subscale. 10) and mental health summary measure (r = 0. Legal Disclaimer: The information provided on is for general and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice. 99) with a s. 53, resulting in MDC of 9. The systems incorporate both…. Scandinavian Journal of PainReliability and responsiveness of the Norwegian version of the Neck Disability Index. 1. found FAAM as one of five instruments which had evidence for its usefulness for evaluative purposes, that is, being able to measure changes over time. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®Which Are the Most Frequently Used Outcome Instruments in Studies on Total Ankle Arthroplasty? Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationPsychometric Properties of the Neck Disability Index and Numeric Pain Rating Scale in Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain. Only 23 of 2697 (93. Although the FAAM SPORTS subscale was able to distinguish between individuals with different levels of functional status, the clinician must remember that the FAAM has been primarily developed for evaluative, but not discriminative, purposes. For all other responses, there is a one-point interval between each category.