AL] Explain that wheels on vehicles are not really simple machines in the same sense as the one in Figure 9. 9 is called a wheel and axle. Work and machines worksheet pdf class 10. Don't let them confuse the term with complicated machines such as computers. Any crank-operated device is an example of a wheel and axle. For a screw, the input distance is the circumference of the circle over which the force is applied, and the output distance is the distance between the screw threads. This printable simple machines worksheet, where the task is for the grade 3 children to match each simple machine to an example by drawing a line, will get the quiet machine enthusiasts splendidly eloquent. Dispel any misconceptions that machines reduce the amount of work.
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As you get rolling with our simple machines worksheets pdf, watch the little engineers frantically sort mechanical devices into one of the six types of simple machines, label machines as simple or complex, and match pictures of simple machines to the names of their type. In this PDF packet, you will receive 3 worksheets, wherein students can identify common items that are created using simple machines. Energy loss to friction is reduced, but nothing is lifted. The wire cutters in Figure 9. Work and machines worksheet pdf grade. Teaching tip—When calculating efficiency, it is easy enough to understand what force in and force out are: the force you apply is force in and the weight of the object that is being lifted is force out. Pulleys were once seen on sailing ships and farms, where they were used lift heavy loads. For a pulley system, the input distance is how far you pull the rope, and the output distance is the distance the load rises. The heavier child sits farther from the fulcrum. The lever part of these screws is a screw driver.
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10 are used to lift cars and even houses. The input force of 11 N acting on the effort arm of a lever moves 0. Knives and axe heads are examples of wedges. Identify each object and write which simple machine it is. 12 shows three different pulley systems. Work and machines worksheet pdf download. Calculating Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency of Simple Machines. The shovel, consisting of a square metal attached to a handle, is a simple machine.
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By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: - Describe simple and complex machines. In this section you will apply what you have learned about work to find the mechanical advantage and efficiency of simple machines. Explain how heat lost because of friction assures that Wo will always be less than Wi preventing efficiency from ever reaching 100%. Ask students to try to understand why IMA is simply N. Tell them that watching the video should make this point clear. A wedge is simply two inclined planes back to back. 4 ropes are required because the actual mechanical advantage is 3. Sort the machines into one of the 6 types. The student is expected to: - (C) describe simple and complex machines and solve problems involving simple machines; - (D) define input work, output work, mechanical advantage, and efficiency of machines. Check Your Understanding. Lever||mechanical advantage||output work||pulley||screw|. Complex machine||efficiency output||ideal mechanical advantage||inclined plane||input work|. No simple or complex machines have the actual mechanical advantages calculated by the IMA equations. Increase the number of ropes supporting the load. Give some examples: hand-powered windlass, steering wheel, door knob, and so on.
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BL] [OL] Be sure students understand that a complex machine is just a combination of simple machines and is still fairly simple. The screw shown in Figure 9. The axle on a vehicle does not do work on a load. The input and output distances are easier to see for the lever, inclined plane and wedge. Show them that it looks more like a lever if the wheel is replaced by a crank. Some levers exert a large force to a short effort arm. BL] [OL] Ask the students what they know about machines and work. 4 m, which lifts a 40 N weight resting on the resistance arm a distance of 0. It is actually a form of lever. How would lubrication affect the efficiency of a simple machine? Combining this with the information in the paragraphs above, we can write. Force applied to the outside of the wheel causes a greater force to be applied to the rope that is wrapped around the axle.
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A simple machine is a mechanical device used to apply increased force. Interested students may want to work their way through it. The car, with its engine and four wheels has to be a complex machine. The last part shows how to calculate the IMA of an inclined plane. The beginning of this video may cause more confusion than illumination.
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10 shows the simple formulas for calculating the IMAs of these machines. Although it cannot change the amount of work you do, a simple machine can change the amount of force you must apply to an object, and the distance over which you apply the force. Mechanical Advantage of Inclined Planes and Pulleys. Ask them why steering wheels had a greater diameter before power steering was invented. Of all simple machines, mechanical advantage is easiest to calculate for pulleys. Simple machines make work easier, but they do not decrease the amount of work you have to do.
Explain that simple machines are often hand-held, and that they reduce force, not work. After they have discovered the three kinds, with or without your help, ask if they can think of examples of the types not shown in Figure 9. BL] [OL] Talk about how inclined planes and wedges are similar and different. It shows a derivation using trig functions that is beyond the scope of this chapter. The overhang you may have seen on the end of old barn roofs is where a pulley was once attached. When you prod the cake with your fork, the simple machine in action is a wedge. Review what was learned about the IMA of inclined planes and pulley systems before watching the video.
How could you use a pulley system to lift a light load to great height? Since both have different weights, they will never be in balance. In most cases, a simple machine is used to reduce the amount of force you must exert to do work. Efficiency of a Lever. Let's examine how this works in practice. In another type of lever, the fulcrum is at the end of the lever and the load is in the middle, as in the design of a wheelbarrow. The first part of this video shows how to calculate the IMA of pulley systems.
Because the amount of work is not changed, the term f d does not change, but force can decrease if distance increases. The circular handle of a faucet is attached to a rod that opens and closes a valve when the handle is turned. Efficiency is related to friction, and friction depends on the smoothness of surfaces and on the area of the surfaces in contact. In the formula for IMA, the distance between screw threads is called pitch and has the symbol P. [BL] [OL] Suggest that a screw is classified as a separate type of simple machine perhaps because it looks so different from what it really is—an inclined plane which sometimes is turned by a lever.
Most students should skip to the final two or three minutes which explain the basics of calculating IMA of a lever from different ratios. Refer back to the discussions of each simple machine for the specific equations for the IMA for each type of machine. Efficiency in real machines will always be less than 100 percent because of work that is converted to unavailable heat by friction and air resistance. For instance, a bicycle is created using wheels, levers, and pulleys. Be sure students do not equate machines and motors by asking for (and, if necessary, providing) examples of machines that are not motorized. The down side is that you must exert the force over a greater distance, because the product of force and distance, f d, (which equals work) does not change.
Increase the number of pulleys. AL] Ask for recall of the formula W = f d. Explain that the product of force and distance is critical to understanding simple machines. Instruct the child to cut each simple-machine picture and glue it beside the description that best matches.
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