Citric Acid Production Acetyl-CoA combines with a 4-carbon molecule to produce citric acid. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key pdf. Thus, the 10 NADH molecules made per glucose during glycolysis, the transition reaction, and the Krebs cycle carry enough energy to make 30 ATP molecules, whereas the two FADH2 molecules made per glucose during these processes provide enough energy to make four ATP molecules. Cellular Respiration Summary. Lipids and proteins can be broken down into molecules that enter the Krebs cycle or glycolysis at one of several places. At this point, try not to worry about the names of compounds or the details of the processes shown.
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9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Quizlet
Most ATP, however, is generated during a separate process called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs during cellular respiration. Food serves as your source of energy. These carriers can pass electrons along in the ETS because of their redox potential. Citric Acid Production Pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters the matrix, the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion.
9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Answer
Carbons are broken down and released as carbon dioxide while ATP is made and electrons are passed to electron carriers, NADH and FADH2. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key sheet. Simple and easy to use. Directions: Watch Glycolysis: An Overview to see how glucose is broken down during the process of glycolysis. The answer is cellular respiration. These notes include Glycolysis, Oxidation of Pyruvate, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Anaerobic Respiration.
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Equation for Cellular Respiration. This represents about 36 percent of the total energy of glucose. In prokaryotic cells, H+ flows from the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane into the cytoplasm, whereas in eukaryotic mitochondria, H+ flows from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. This electron carrier, cytochrome oxidase, differs between bacterial types and can be used to differentiate closely related bacteria for diagnoses. In prokaryotic cells, H+ is pumped to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (called the periplasmic space in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria), and in eukaryotic cells, they are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space. Chemiosmosis, Proton Motive Force, and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Energy Extraction Energy released by the breaking and rearranging of carbon bonds is captured in the forms of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Everything you want to read. I tried my best to visually layout the metabolic pathways of Cellular Respiration for my AP Biology students. In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor (i. e., the one having the most positive redox potential) at the end of the ETS is an oxygen molecule (O2) that becomes reduced to water (H2O) by the final ETS carrier. Complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars like glucose. These electron transfers take place on the inner part of the cell membrane of prokaryotic cells or in specialized protein complexes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key 2021. Learning Objectives. Cellular Respiration Overview.
9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Sheet
Glycolysis does not require oxygen, so it can quickly supply energy to cells when oxygen is unavailable. Reward Your Curiosity. Also, 2 molecules of NADH are made. In each transfer of an electron through the ETS, the electron loses energy, but with some transfers, the energy is stored as potential energy by using it to pump hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane. These nutrients enter your cells and are converted into adenosine triphosphate ( ATP). Biology 2010 Student Edition Chapter 9, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation - 9.2 - The Process of Cellular Respiration - 9.2 Assessment - Page 260 4a | GradeSaver. Can be used with Cornell notes. Energy Extraction Citric acid is broken down into a 5-carbon compound and then a 4-carbon compound.
9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Pdf
The cell lacks a sufficient amount of oxygen to carry out aerobic respiration. What are the functions of the proton motive force? The electron transport system (ETS) is the last component involved in the process of cellular respiration; it comprises a series of membrane-associated protein complexes and associated mobile accessory electron carriers (Figure 8. One possible alternative to aerobic respiration is anaerobic respiration, using an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as a final electron acceptor.
The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of cellular respiration. Directions: Watch the video Energy Consumption: An Overview for a look at the different cellular processes responsible for generating and consuming energy. For example, the number of hydrogen ions that the electron transport system complexes can pump through the membrane varies between different species of organisms. Cellular Respiration: Electron Transport Chain. Citric Acid Production Once pyruvic acid is in the mitochondrial matrix, NAD+ accepts 2 high-energy electrons to form NADH. 16 summarizes the theoretical maximum yields of ATP from various processes during the complete aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule. Do both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration use an electron transport chain? Directions: Watch Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain and Cellular Processes: ATP Synthase to learn how electrons are passed through proteins in the electron transport chain and ATP is produced. ATP synthase (like a combination of the intake and generator of a hydroelectric dam) is a complex protein that acts as a tiny generator, turning by the force of the H+ diffusing through the enzyme, down their electrochemical gradient from where there are many mutually repelling H+ to where there are fewer H+. Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, which becomes a reactant in the Krebs cycle. By the end of this section, you will be able to: - Compare and contrast the electron transport system location and function in a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell.
Energy Totals In the presence of oxygen, the complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration could produce 38 ATP molecules. Compare and contrast the differences between substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. Microbes using anaerobic respiration commonly have an intact Krebs cycle, so these organisms can access the energy of the NADH and FADH2 molecules formed. The Advantages of Glycolysis Glycolysis produces ATP very fast, which is an advantage when the energy demands of the cell suddenly increase. Denitrifiers are important soil bacteria that use nitrate and nitrite as final electron acceptors, producing nitrogen gas (N2). All in all, the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose yields 36 molecules of ATP. There pyruvate feeds into the next stage of respiration, which is called the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle). The remaining 64 percent is released as heat. Directions: Watch The Citric Acid Cycle: An Overview to see how pyruvate is broken down during the citric acid cycle. Glycolysis Glycolysis - first stage of cellular respiration. It's actually quite amazing. The turning of the parts of this molecular machine regenerates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by oxidative phosphorylation, a second mechanism for making ATP that harvests the potential energy stored within an electrochemical gradient. Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis.
However, it usually results in the production of 36 ATP molecules. However, anaerobic respirers use altered ETS carriers encoded by their genomes, including distinct complexes for electron transfer to their final electron acceptors.
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