Organic compounds essential to human functioning include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. In contrast, RNA consists of a single strand of sugar-phosphate backbone studded with bases. Many organisms store extra sugar as complex carbohydrates known as starches. When they are exposed to extreme heat, acids, bases, and certain other substances, proteins will denature. Individual nucleotides can be joined by covalent bonds to form a polynucleotide, or nucleic acid. Organic compounds answer key. Dietary fat also assists the absorption and transport of the nonpolar fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Additionally, stored body fat protects and cushions the body's bones and internal organs, and acts as insulation to retain body heat. Report this Document. Lipids whose fatty acids contain more than one double bond are said to be polyunsaturated.
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Share or Embed Document. Three fatty acids, long chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group and a methyl group at opposite ends, extending from each of the carbons of the glycerol. Enzymatic reactions—chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes—begin when substrates bind to the enzyme. Carbon and its compounds 2 mark questions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain two or more double carbon bonds, and are also liquid at room temperature. In nature, the L-forms of amino acids are predominant in proteins. Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide.
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They are reversible, too, as when ADP undergoes phosphorylation. This characteristic, called specificity, is due to the fact that a substrate with a particular shape and electrical charge can bind only to an active site corresponding to that substrate. Lipids can be used to store energy. 2.3 carbon compounds answer key biology. This results in a filled outermost shell. Therefore, phospholipids are said to have hydrophobic tails, containing the neutral fatty acids, hydrophilic heads, the charged phosphate groups, and nitrogen atom. Moreover, the atoms to which carbon atoms bond may also be part of a functional group. By the end of this section, you will be able to: - Identify organic molecules essential to human functioning.
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4): - A glycerol backbone at the core of triglycerides, consisting of three carbon atoms. Rather, carbon atoms tend to share electrons with a variety of other elements, one of which is always hydrogen. The large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides are known as polysaccharides. Removal or addition of phosphates releases or invests energy. 2.3 Guided Notes With Answers | PDF | Carbohydrates | Macromolecules. As was noted earlier, the basic and acidic components enable proteins to function as buffers in maintaining acid–base balance, but they also help regulate fluid–electrolyte balance. A nitrogen-containing base: adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil. 3 – CARBON COMPOUNDS – WHAT I LEARNED.
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Classify What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to? Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. These fatty acids have their first double carbon bond at the third hydrocarbon from the methyl group (referred to as the omega end of the molecule). The body is able to synthesize most of the amino acids from components of other molecules, however, nine cannot be synthesized and have to be consumed in the diet. PO 4), and a nitrogenous base. You are on page 1. of 3. Often, two or more separate polypeptides bond to form an even larger protein with a quaternary structure (see Figure 2. A protein is an organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers. Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to an organic compound, in this case, resulting in ATP. Other Functions of Proteins. These elongated proteins, called fibrous proteins, are strong and durable and typically hydrophobic.
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In contrast, fatty acids with one double carbon bond are kinked at that bond (Figure 2. Created by living things, they are found throughout the world, in soils and seas, commercial products, and every cell of the human body. Also, certain proteins act as hormones and chemical messengers that help regulate body functions. A lipid is one of a highly diverse group of compounds made up mostly of hydrocarbons. Single sugar molecules are also known as monosaccharides. We find them along the "carbon backbone" of macromolecules. When some of these bonds are in the cis configuration, the resulting bend in the chain's carbon backbone means that triglyceride molecules cannot pack tightly, so they remain liquid (oil) at room temperature. DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION – BUILD VOCABULARY. The data in the table illustrate how melting point decreases as the degree of unsaturation (number of double bonds) increases. BIOLOGY IN-DEPTH – MORE FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES.
In triglycerides (fats and oils), long carbon chains known as fatty acids may contain double bonds, which can be in either the cis or trans configuration, as Figure 2. Strands containing fewer than about 100 amino acids are generally referred to as polypeptides rather than proteins. Levels of Organization. Lipids that contain unsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, tend to be liquid at room temperature. What elements does carbon bond with to make up life's molecules? Successive bonds between carbon atoms form hydrocarbon chains. Any given enzyme catalyzes just one type of chemical reaction. Structures within cells use these amino acids when assembling proteins.