We also know that the outer core is liquid because S waves hit this layer of Earth like they would hit a brick wall. This is because the light waves are bending and slowing down as they hit the different material, in this case, the water. Dense materials sank toward Earth's center forming its iron-nickel core. The composition is important because it makes continental crust less dense than ocean crust. Since both P waves and S waves travel through the mantle, this means that it must be a layer of solid material. Closure: After students have completed the worksheets, review the answers. Topics addressed: How scientists analyze Earth's interior, Names of layers of Earth's interior, Earth's crust, Asthenosphere, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core, Depth of the layers, Phase of matter of the layers, Temperature changes of Earth's interior, Pressure changes of Earth's interior, Density changes of Earth's interior, Comparing continental and oceanic cru. The D" (dee double prime) layer is a mysterious layer beginning approximately 200 km above the boundary between the core and mantle. All of the rocks on the outside press down on the inside. It can have different mineral compositions and still be the same in chemical composition because the increasing pressure deeper in the mantle causes mineral structures to be reconfigured. Petrology||Origin, occurrence, structure, and history of metamorphic and igneous rocks; changes and transformation of rocks. Describe the interior of the earth. These waves compress and expand the ground as they travel. Useful Internet Resources: * Surface and Interior of the Earth.
Describe The Interior Of The Earth
P waves are compressional or longitudinal waves. Explain that studying the interior of the Earth helps us detect natural disasters. Ocean crust is thinner, and predominantly mafic in composition. After this time, Earth began to cool allowing layers to form. Explanation: The upper portion of the mantle is known as the asthenosphere. Three types of rocks also help to make up the composition of Earth. Present the following information on an overhead: - The Earth's crust is approximately 25 miles thick, contains solid rock (which is mostly granite), but also contains igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. Earth's Interior Structure & Study | What is Inside the Earth? - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. Students will be introduced to the scientific theory of plate tectonics. See for yourself why 30 million people use. There's the atmosphere, which contains layers just like the earth does.
It's like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. I feel like it's a lifeline. Explanation: Crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. This means they retain their frequency as they arrive at the seismic station. Seismograms, which are recordings produced by seismographs, are the main way that scientists know what Earth's interior is made of. What Are the Layers of the Earth? | Science project | Education.com. It's pretty easy…draw three circles, a large one, a smaller one inside the large one, and yet, another inside that one. S waves suddenly stop as if they have hit a brick wall, and P waves 'bend' and slow down so much that no waves are detected at the surface of Earth.
Use a stapler to stick them together, and write information about each layer on the inside of that layer. DIAGRAM OF INTERIOR OF THE EARTH worksheet. Since the material on Earth becomes denser with depth, waves traveling at greater depths will travel more quickly. The crust is like a jigsaw puzzle made of approximately 20 huge slabs of rock called tectonic plates. This include indirect evidence through seismic waves and direct evidence through rock samples.
Structure Of The Interior Of The Earth
What's Inside the Earth? We know that the mantle is solid because both P and S waves travel through it. Lesson Plan #: AELP-EAR0203. Using the dimensions you've calculated above, start by making the small inner core. The center of Earth is iron and nickel. As less dense magma rich in silica rose to the surface and cooled, Earth's crust was formed. Interior of the earth ppt. Surface waves are seismic waves that travel through Earth's surface. The core is called the "nife" layer since it is composed of heavy materials like nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe).
Ask students if they are able to see how volcanic eruptions can occur when plates dive under the mantle and force rocks to the surface of the Earth. Sometimes people talk about the earth's "spheres". S waves disappear at the mantle/core boundary. Plate movement causes earthquakes when they scrape past each other (use hands to demonstrate movement of plates). Let's first review the two types of seismic waves, which we learned about in another lesson. Watch the video below to understand the composition of each layer. S stands for secondary waves because these are slower than P waves, arriving second on the seismogram. It's called the mantle. Sixth Grade Plate Tectonics Homepage. Structure of the interior of the earth. The spheres of the earth are a way to describe some of the different, large-scale types of matter on the earth. Create several cakes, each with a different food coloring. 5), which contains garnets.
Geologists use two types of evidence to learn about Earth's interior. Cake mixes (1 white, 1 yellow, 1 red velvet). Lesson Extension: Have students access the following web site:. Duration: 45 minutes. Tectonic plates are fragments of lithosphere. Since S waves can't travel through liquid, this is why they run into a wall and stop. For each layer, add on the depth of that layer to the circle that you've already made, then cut out that new, larger circle. But despite the fact that the boundary between the inner and outer core is approximately as hot as the surface of the sun, only the outer core is liquid. An important consequence of the difference in density is that if tectonic plates happen to bring ocean crust and continental crust into collision, the plate with ocean crust will be forced down into the mantle beneath the plate with continental crust. Present a model of the Earth's interior (or use a web site below).
Interior Of The Earth Ppt
As body waves travel through the Earth's internal layers, their speed changes, causing the wave to 'bend. Around 100 to 250 kilometers P and S waves arrive later than expected and the S waves are weakened. The earth formed from a big cloud of dust and gases. Look at the top of your web browser.
Gradually, the dust and gas came together, forming the earth. Without a weak asthenosphere, plates would be locked in place, unable to move as they do now. Inner core: 800 miles. The inner core is a solid, dense ball made mostly of iron and nickel. Draw an extended arrow from each line and space (of the circles) and label it according to the layers of the Earth (this is optional, depending on how much help you want to offer students…e. Author's Note: I photocopied an image of the continents (and how they have changed over time) and had it enlarged. Here, P waves bend and pick up speed, telling us that the inner core must be solid material because P waves travel faster through solid than liquid.
Mafic rocks (and therefore ocean crust) are denser than the felsic rocks of continental crust. Mantle||30 kilometers below Earth's surface||Earth's thickest layer composed mainly of iron, magnesium, and calcium-rich silicate minerals; dense, hot semi-solid; forms layer of partially melted rock called the asthenosphere 100 to 200 kilometers underground; tectonic plates sit on asthenosphere and slide during tectonic activity due to convection currents; outermost layer is cool and rigid. Explanation: Earth's mantle occupies 84% of space. List three properties of the mantle. This boundary is referred to as the core-mantle boundary. ) Mafic rocks contain minerals with less silica, but more iron and magnesium. The Earth's mantle is approximately 1, 789 miles thick and contains igneous rock, which is soft-like clay due to the extreme temperature inside the mantle. 5%) is its mantle, and only a small fraction (1. Make a circle that represents the core of the earth.
Date: January 19, 2002. What is meant by the core of the Earth, and how is it classified? Email my answers to my teacher.