You've successfully purchased a group discount. Many prisoners are released on parole and sent back due to technical violations (missed appointment, became unemployed, failed drug test). They don't require to even changing the law. You're released from prison, can't get a job, barred even from public housing, may not qualify for food stamps in some states. It's more about control, power, the relegation of some of us to a second-class status than it is about trying to build healthy, safe, thriving communities and meaningful multiracial, multiethnic democracy. The New Jim Crow is filled with passages that explain the disparate impacts of the US criminal justice system. The activists who posted the sign on the telephone pole were not crazy; nor were the smattering of lawyers and advocates around the country who were beginning to connect the dots between our current system of mass incarceration and earlier forms of social control. Some radical group was holding a community meeting about police brutality, the new three-strikes law in California, and the expansion of America's prison system.
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Shortform note: protecting social status seems to be a basic human instinct. Michelle Alexander, civil rights advocate, litigator, scholar and author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness exposes today's racial caste system and how to resist it. "I think it's very easy to brush off the notion that the system operates much like a caste system, if in fact you are not trapped within it. For a customized plan. MICHELLE ALEXANDER: And I know there are some people who say there's no hope for ending mass incarceration in America.
As factories closed, jobs were shipped overseas, deindustrialization and globalization led to depression in inner-city communities nationwide, and crime rates began to rise. In a speech delivered in 1968, King acknowledged there had been some progress for blacks since the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but insisted that the current challenges required even greater resolve and that the entire nation must be transformed for economic justice to be more than a dream for poor people of all colors. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4. Take me back to those times and to the work you were doing for the A. C. L. U. Here's what you'll find in our full The New Jim Crow summary: - How the US prison population increased 10x in 30 years because of harsh drug policies. The communities where people of color live are the ones most heavily policed; their young people are the ones stopped and frisked.
The New Jim Crow Review
We're constantly being told there's not enough funds to pay good teachers, there's not enough funds for this, there's not enough funds for that. More black men are disenfranchised today as a result of felony disenfranchise[ment] laws. In The New Jim Crow, Michelle Alexander shines the light on a criminal injustice system that is locking poor and vulnerable people in a 21st century version of a race class caste system that victimizes families and whole communities. The first thing you do is figure out, how can I get my child some help? And in fact, if you're struggling with depression in a middle-class, upper-middle-class community, you can get prescription drugs, lots of them, lots of legal drugs to deal with your depression, your angst, your anxiety.
The main theme of Alexander's work is that the current American system of mass incarceration, created in response to the rise in drug arrests, is a systematic attempt to marginalize people of color much in the same way that the Jim Crow laws... Conservative politicians spearheaded "tough on crime" and "law and order" policies in the late-twentieth century to galvanize poor whites' support and marginalize people of color. It doesn't matter how long ago your conviction occurred. Download the interview video (MP4). In ghetto communities, nearly everyone is either directly or indirectly subject to the new caste system. At the same time, the courts provided increased leeway for police to conduct searches and seizures on the flimsiest of pretexts—or none at all. Mass incarceration depends for its legitimacy on the widespread belief that all those who appear trapped at the bottom actually chose their fate. Slavery and Jim Crow were not eliminated through piecemeal reforms and court decisions, nor for that matter, through intractable economic contradictions. Indifference cannot reign. It's a step, a positive step in the right direction. We've got to build and underground railroad for people who are undocumented in this country, and find it difficult to find work and shelter, and to provide. It was the Clinton administration that supported federal legislation denying financial aid to college students who had once been caught with drugs.
The New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander Quotes
Just today, the New York Times reported that more than half of the African Americans in New York City are jobless. Like an optical illusion––one in which the embedded image is impossible to see until its outline is identified––the new caste system lurks invisibly within the maze of rationalizations we have developed for persistent racial inequality. What forms of violence have actually been perpetrated by us, the state, the government, us collectively, upon them? And it was like my conscience. Arresting people for minor drug offenses in this drug war does not reduce drug abuse or drug-related crime. It affects people emotionally. The system almost guarantees reincarceration.
We have not ended racial caste in America; we have merely redesigned it. It doesn't matter if it was five weeks, five years ago, 25 years ago. By the turn of the twentieth century, every state in the South had laws on the books that disenfranchised blacks and discriminated against them in virtually every sphere of life. This includes pecuniary bonuses tied directly to the number of annual drug arrests and millions of dollars with of military-grade equipment. Once in a great while a book comes along that changes the way we see the world and helps to fuel a nationwide social movement. "Viewed as a whole, the relevant research by cognitive and social psychologists to date suggests that racial bias in the drug war was inevitable, once a public consensus was constructed by political and media elites that drug crime is black and brown.
The New Jim Crow Chapter 2 Quotes
Meaningful equality could not be achieved through civil rights, alone, he said. Like many civil rights lawyers, I was inspired to attend law school by the civil rights victories of the 1950s and 1960s. Basic human rights must be honored. These images make it easy to forget that many wonderful, goodhearted white people who were generous to others, respectful of their neighbors, and even kind to their black maids, gardeners, or shoe shiners--and wished them well--nevertheless went to the polls and voted for racial segregation... ". And we had set up a hotline number for people to call if they had been stopped or targeted by the police on the basis of race.
The war goes on, as you said, but there are efforts underway in various states … to start to change things. People poured out of the building; many stared for a moment at the black man cowering in the street, and then averted their gaze. Your guide to exceptional books. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. But what I didn't understand at that time was that a new system of racial and social control had been born again in America, a system eerily reminiscent to those that we had left behind. MICHELLE ALEXANDER: Honestly, I think, there were many times in the course of writing this book that I wanted to give up. Mass incarceration is a massive system of racial and social control.
The New Jim Crow Questions
A movement for education, not incarceration. In the years following Brown v. Board of Education, civil rights activists used direct-action tactics in an effort to force reluctant Southern States to desegregate public facilities. … Since the war on drugs was declared, there has been an exponential increase in drug arrests and convictions in the United States. Who is more blameworthy: the young black kid who hustles on the street corner, selling weed to help his momma pay the rent? This passage occurs in Chapter 2: The Lockdown. What is mass incarceration? I first encountered the idea of a new racial caste system more than a decade ago, when a bright orange poster caught my eye. The kid in the 'hood who joined a gang and now carries a gun for security, because his neighborhood is frightening and unsafe?
About 70% of people released from prison return within three years, and the majority of those who return in some states do so in a matter of months because the challenges associated with mere survival are so immense. But we've also got to do more than just talk. I was just thrilled to be invited, and I'm happy to be here joined together with people of faith and conscience. A bunch of us clergy have read your book, and organizing, and we're getting that energy, and we're ready to start putting pressure on public leaders. It is common sense and conventional wisdom that if you arrest one drug dealer, there will be another dealer on the street within hours to replace him.
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This is an astonishing reality to contemplate as we think we've made progress on racial matters in the last several decades. How have we treated them? For it has been the refusal and failure to recognize the dignity and humanity of all people that has been the sturdy foundation of every caste system that has ever existed in the United States, or anywhere else in the world. A war has been declared on them, and they have been rounded up for engaging in precisely the same crimes that go largely ignored in middle-and upper-class white communities—possession". Lynch mobs may be long gone, but the threat of police violence is ever present. A penal system unprecedented in world history? State and local law enforcement agencies have been rewarded in cash for the sheer numbers of people swept into the system for drug offenses, thus giving law enforcement agencies an incentive to go out and look for the so-called 'low-hanging fruit': stopping, frisking, searching as many people as possible, pulling over as many cars as possible, in order to boost their numbers up and ensure the funding stream will continue or increase. MICHELLE ALEXANDER: Oh, well the easiest thing is to say, stop bringing these low level minor drug cases. Well, in my view, nothing short of a major social movement has any hope of ending mass incarceration in America. Both systems, she argues, have their roots in a society that championed freedom and equality while denying both to Blacks.
Following the dismantling of Jim Crow in the wake of the civil rights movement, Alexander argues there was another window open for uniting poor whites and Blacks—perhaps best represented by Martin Luther King Jr. 's vision of a poor people's campaign. You're going to jail just like your uncle, just like your father, just like your brother, just like your neighbor. As legal scholar David Cole has observed, "in practice, the drug-courier profile is a scattershot hodgepodge of traits and characteristics so expansive that it potentially justifies stopping anybody and everybody. " Considering a series of Supreme Court decisions as a whole, Alexander concludes: The Supreme Court has now closed the courthouse doors to claims of racial bias at every stage of the criminal justice process, from stops and searches to plea bargaining and sentencing. It involved a young African-American man who was about nineteen, who walked into my office one day and forever changed the way I viewed myself as a civil-rights lawyer and the system I was up against. People who recognized the gap between what we were doing, who we are, and who we wanted to be as a nation and were willing to fight for it, to make sacrifices for it, to organize for it, to speak up and to speak out even more than when it was unpopular, that kind of movement is being born again. All financial incentives to arrest poor black people for drug offenses must be revoked. Right even if that means, in a jobless ghetto, never having children at all. Conducting large numbers of stop-and-frisk and SWAT house raids in poor communities of color provokes considerably less political backlash than doing the same in an affluent white suburb. In this incisive critique, former litigator-turned-legal-scholar Michelle Alexander provocatively argues that we have not ended racial caste in America: we have simply redesigned it.
That message is a powerful one, and it's not lost on the people who are forced to hear it. Eventually it became obvious.
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